A catalyst is a substance that accelerates chemical reactions without being consumed itself—indispensable for a wide range of hydrogen technologies. In PEM electrolysers, precious-metal catalysts (iridium at the anode, platinum at the cathode) enable water splitting at low overpotentials and high current densities. Alkaline electrolysers use more cost-effective nickel-based catalysts. In fuel cells, platinum is the primary catalyst for the reverse electrochemical reaction.
Catalyst performance has a significant impact on efficiency, service life, and cost-effectiveness. Current research focuses on drastically reducing the use of precious metals through improved nanostructuring, alloy formation, and alternative materials such as transition metal compounds. Further advancements in catalysis—particularly the reduction in precious metal requirements—are key factors for scaling up green hydrogen production and ensuring its competitiveness against fossil fuels.
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