Safety valves are critical safety devices in hydrogen systems that open automatically when defined pressure limits are exceeded and release gas in a controlled manner. They are essential for the safe operation of electrolysers, storage tanks, pipelines, and refueling stations.
There are various types of valves available for H₂ applications: spring-loaded valves (standard, resettable), rupture discs (single-use in case of extreme overpressure), relief valves (bypass function), or pilot-operated systems (precise control).
Specific requirements for hydrogen include hydrogen-compatible materials (stainless steel, special alloys designed to prevent embrittlement), extremely tight seals due to the small size of H₂ molecules, operational reliability from -253°C to room temperature, and fast response times. Safe venting of the discharged gas is essential, as H₂ forms explosive mixtures with air.
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