A synthesis gas is a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide (H₂/CO) and an important intermediate product in the chemical industry. It is produced by steam reforming of natural gas, partial oxidation of hydrocarbons, or gasification of biomass or coal. The H₂/CO ratio varies depending on the process and feedstock (0.5:1 to 3:1).
Synthesis gas is a feedstock for the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (synthetic fuels), methanol production, or ammonia synthesis. In the context of the energy transition, “green synthesis gas” is gaining importance: CO₂ from direct air capture is reduced to CO using green hydrogen (reverse water-gas shift reaction). Power-to-liquid plants use this process to produce e-fuels.
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